Stupid Questions

I just read a post on io9 that asked a question that irks me to no end regarding money and science.  Is it worth spending a crap-ton of money to prove [insert some science-y thing here] right/wrong?  That's the question?  I never really had a good counter argument that I really liked until I saw a fellow reader's comment back.  It went along the lines of "if we can spend crap-tons of money on movies that suck, why not on something more constructive like furthering humanity's knowledge."  Booya!  

Now, don't get me wrong.  I enjoy a beautiful CG romp of mayhem and destruction as much as the next guy, but if the plot is going to be crap it just isn't worth it.  This guy listed, among others, Transformers and the Star Wars prequels and I have to agree.  Big movies and all the money went into big names and fancy CG.  So what do we have?  2-3 hours of cool special effects, bad plot and a coaster (if you bought the movie).  I just wish that whoever funded these works of suck would consider sacrificing one movie's budget to fund a science project.  (Note: if they already do this, let me know and I'll apologize).  

To summarize, it is a ridiculous question to ask when so much money is spent on other less useful things.  But it does not have to be just on science either!  Sacrifice a movie and feed some people for a month or restore a poisoned water supply or anything like that.  I would love to hear about that happening as well.  It's just that this article was related to science so that is the first thing I thought about.  

GSI Facility in Darmstadt

No, it isn't some fancy acronym from a Command & Conquer video game.  It's the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (Center for Heavy Ion Research) in Darmstadt, Germany and I went to visit it Friday afternoon.  They have a linear accelerator (UNILAC), the accelerating synchrotron (SIS), the Experiment Storage Ring (ESR) and Fragment Separator (FRS).  It also has several other experiments set up along with a tumor therapy room.  Lest all this sound uninteresting, this is the place that put elements 107-112 on the periodic table!  Meitnerium (1982), Hassium (1984), Darmstadtium (1994), Roentgenium (1994), Bohrium (1996), and Copernicium (1996) were all created/discovered here.  Ha!  And I stood next to the machines that did it.  It was astonishing.

That tumor therapy contraption was pretty interesting as well.  Heavy ion beams are shot at a person's head for example.  The beam is made up of carbon ions, instead of the old X-ray, and these ions release all of their energy at one particular point.  Here is a picture of the Bragg Curve courtesy of Wikipedia.  

 This particular curve is for alpha particles, but X-rays don't even have that peak. They only gradually die out in energy. Carbon ions, on the other hand, have an even sharper peak than the one in this picture.  That means the technicians and scientists know exactly where, distance-wise, the ion will release all of its energy after leaving the vacuum area of the accelerator.  If they hold your head still, they have millimeter precision with targeting and destroying a tumor.  Kind of crazy when you think about it.  I would feel a little nervous about having my head at the butt end of a particle beam that just got up to 90% light speed in 2 seconds.

This picture of the facility (sorry it's a little hard to read) was taken from the GSI page linked to here.  In it you can see the blue part is the existing facility which I got to walk through (mostly).  The red is the future and it will be awesome.  With the things they can already do, I can only imagine what they'll find out with more experiments and more powerful accelerators.  I said 'mostly' earlier because they had experiments going on at the time we were there, meaning the accelerators were active and that means everything was bottled up because of radiation.  A few experiments were not being used so we did get to see some of the detectors up close and personal.  The other experiments were trapped behind locked gates with radiation 'airlock' rooms and meters worth of concrete walls.  I'm hoping to get to go back and see it again.  I still don't get particle physics, because I'm just a simple astronomer, but I do appreciate the complicated stuff they do here to better understand the universe.  

By the by, the tumor therapy room is just below and a little to the left of the ESR ring.

Pseudo Anti-Deuterons

Today in my Methods and Applications of Atomic Physics class, we discussed antiparticles and CPT symmetry conservation (Charge conjugation, Parity and Time reversal).  The CPT thing is not what I'd like to discuss.

I know that having a particle interact with its antiparticle results in mutual annihilation accompanied by a release of energy.  I asked my professor what the possibilities are for gaining energy for free by using our available energy to create an antiproton that would then collide with a proton that we didn't have to work to get.  In case that made no sense this is what I meant: (No energy expended proton source) + (some energy expended antiproton source) = More energy than we put in coming back.  He said that it takes a crap-ton (rough estimate) of energy to make antiparticles currently.  Also, the number of antiparticles the world has thus far created, although numbering in the millions (if not billions), would hardly heat a cup of water if allowed to annihilate.  Drat.

My second question was a little more abstract.  I began with making sure I understood the matter-antimatter combination.  An antiproton will only annihilate with a proton, a positron will only annihilate with an electron, and so forth, right?  He didn't sound so sure but I asked my next question anyway.  What would happen if you could put an antiproton with a regular neutron?  A normal proton and neutron form the nucleus of deuterium also know as heavy hydrogen.  45 years ago we had already made antideuterium (antiproton with antineutron), but I want to know what would happen if you could mix different matter and antimatter particles.  He said he did not know but he guessed it would be bad (his words!).  

I really don't know what the point of such a particle would be, but I suppose that since the antiproton is made up of antiquarks the annihilation would come from the quarks messing with each other.  Just wanted to share those thoughts.  Does anybody know anything about this?  Has it been done?

At it again...

School has started back up and that can mean only one thing: despairing over homework.  Of course this is only natural so there is nothing new to report.  I've only three courses on my plate for my second and last semester abroad here in Giessen, Germany.  Let's see:

Methods of Atomic Physics - a romp through practical applications of knowledge of atomic physics.  Things like tumor detectors and busters, energy from nuclear fusion and fission, types of radiation detection and so on.  Taught by an instructor from last semester and the class size is small.  Four of us non-primary-German speakers in the room means a vote by the German students have this class being taught in English.  Interesting.

Experimental Physics 6 - Atomic, particle and astrophysics.  That's all I know at the moment since this was a late addition to my schedule and I haven't been to a lecture yet.  The first homework assignment though is about particle accelerators so...yeah.

Quantum Mechanics - that which I have feared the most.  The very nearly non-intuitive subject that haunts my dreams.  I will be trying desperately to approach this class purely from a mathematical standpoint.  I also must pass this class since I do not want to take it again in the States.  Taught by the exchange coordinator who also taught our Nuclear Astrophysics course last semester.  He, let alone the subject matter, are nearly impossible to understand.  I do wish I had taken more German before coming here, but alas I did not know I'd be coming until 5 months before I left.  

That's all I'm taking.  On a lighter note I got a frisbee today so that I can relax outside in my own way.  Jeff has already promised to play with me.  I imagine calling him up on the ol' Skype and saying, "I need a break from homework.  Let's play."  In other news, the beer gardens are open again and spring is in full swing.  Cheers!

Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Part 2

The final day and associated times spent in Amsterdam were ones of wandering and walking.  Rae and I both like markets.  We are also both interested in living on a boat and/or houseboat someday.  Luckily, Amsterdam had both of these items in plenty.  We spent the third day visiting several open markets, one of which was devoted to nothing but tulip bulbs and other assorted flowers and bulbs.  Strangely enough the price decreased as you approached the center and then increased again as you headed for the other end.  So if you were patient and could stand to pass through about a thousand people before buying your tulips, you could save a euro or two.  Rae had done her research and there were about 3 different markets she wanted to hit.  Our next stop took us beyond the tulip market to a very long stretch of stalls that was probably 3 or 4 city blocks long.  

This really long market had everything!  It was snack time.  Raw fish on a bun with onions and pickle was the appetizer followed by fries with ketchup and mayo with onion.  For later, we picked up some more cheese and an entire smoked mackerel.  No joke, the whole fish.  The guy picked it up, slapped it in a newspaper, bagged it and handed it to us.  Good times.  Now every market we've been to has it's own peculiar quirk.  It may be a layout choice, it may be the times they're open or it might be a particular kind of stall that shows up.  Here in Amsterdam it seems the bath and body section of your local Walmart can only be found in the outdoor market because that's the only explanation I have for why stall after stall would be shampoos, conditioners, razors, hair coloring kits and a whole assortment of bath and body products.  It never ceases to amaze me the oddities that markets have.  If I ever design one, I'll have to remember to throw in a subtle strangeness.  

After all this wandering through crowds of people, Rae and I headed back to our home base and dropped off the wares we had purchased.  Then we went out to the neighborhood of Jordaan and simply walked around the canals looking at the converted house boats.  It was so nice and so peaceful.  There weren't a lot of bikes or cars or even city sounds for that matter.  We walked for hours away from all the people and talked and talked.  So many of these houseboats were converted freighters or haulers.  Now they haven't moved in years.  Some of the little coots (a duck like creature is my best description) have gathered dozens of twigs, sticks and other rubbish together to make their nests on the canal wall side of these houseboats.  The turbulence from passing canal tour boats is lessened there.  One such nest already had the couple exchanging turns on 7 eggs.  It was pretty adorable seeing them interact.  We sat and had a beer for a while and watched them.  

All in all, our final time in Amsterdam was spent enjoying the food and the atmosphere of the quieter neighborhoods.  Many more chocolate covered waffles were consumed along with more fries, bread, cheese and beer.  We caught the train for Frankfurt and headed home with 4 beers and 2 packs of stroop waffles.  I can safely say that we should have brought more stroop home with us.

Leiden, The Netherlands: A Cyclist's Look

It seems that everybody in the Netherlands bikes.  They have special lanes for bicyclists and heaven help you if you're in their way.  Well, that's not quite true.  They are very nice people and I only heard the ding of a bell a few times.  I think it is terrifying because of the speed with which they zip around.  Their presence goes before them and makes me run out of the way.  But I digress.  On Rachel's birthday we joined the ranks of the cyclists and went out into the country.  She really wanted to see the tulip fields, of which the most famous is Keukenhof 17 km outside of Leiden.  Normally people take a bus to get there but we aren't normal.  7.50 € later and we're riding through some neighborhood towns on the way to Keukenhof.

Beautiful scenery, quaint and quiet suburbs, lush gardens, ducks, chickens, and bees all were sights to see.  A little windy on the way out there but that just meant it would be smooth sailing on the way back.  We only had a general map of the area consisting of 120 square kilometers give or take.  It definitely did not show well defined roadways let alone bike paths so we merely followed road signs to each town listed between Leiden and Keukenhof on the map.  Once we reached one town, I looked on the map for the next closest town on the map and said "keep an eye out for such and such because that's next."  It worked and though it wasn't exactly as scenic as I'm sure it could have been, our path eventually took us to the fields.

Unfortunately we were either too early or too late for a vast majority of tulips.  Many many daffodils were there though and were sprouting in vivid colors.  Hyacinth were also blooming creating an aromatic sensation on my nostrils.  Though there were only a few tulips it was still beautiful to see.  After about 17 km we wound our way off the main streets following signs towards the main entrance of Keukenhof.  We had no plans to go inside since we didn't want to spend the 14 € on the entry fee.  We stopped next to some fields in the woods and had some lunch.  We brought along our cheese, bread and apple repast that had worked so well the night before.  After that, we continued along and instead of doubling back, we made plans (based off of the vague map) to come back via a main roadway that passed different towns.

The way back was much more off the beaten path than the road we took to get out there.  Several times the bike path disappeared altogether and we trusted that by making our way through an apartment complex's parking lot we would find our way could continue.  It did, but then the road was under construction and we had to take a detour that involved going along a one way road that was now being used as a two way path for both cars and bikes.  Several times I feared I'd get driven off the road into a canal.  Also on our way back was a farm with Shetland ponies and a Wallaby.  Kind of odd to run across but I would love to have a Wallaby.  They are incredibly cute and I don't mind saying that.

All in all we biked for about 4.5 hours over 35 km with absolutely gorgeous weather.  Once we dropped off the bikes, we decided that we would have Rae's birthday dinner at a pancake house we had spotted during our wanderings of Leiden earlier that day.  Take a look at the picture and tell me this pancake doesn't look amazing!  Mine was brie, honey and bacon while Rae's was apple, bacon and cheese.  The pancake itself was flavorful in itself but the toppings took it over the edge.  It is safe to say it is on the 'Top 5 Things I Ate in Europe' list.  The waitress who helped us was very nice and enjoyed how much we enjoyed the pancake.  

We took the train back to Amsterdam and swung by the amazing beer store (more on that later) and grabbed a few beers.  We ended the day sitting on a bench near the canal drinking a beer and just being together.  Happy Birthday Rachel!

Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Part 1

Amsterdam is filled with a lot of nice people.  Most everybody speaks English there and it is really easy to get comfortable and adjusted to the city.  The city has been called the Venice of the North and I have to agree.  Only they should have said the much nicer Venice of the North.  Having just recently been to Venice I can say that Amsterdam is both cleaner and prettier than Venice (in my humble opinion).  Although the trees were not leafing we were still able to enjoy the sites of the area.  

We were able to find some deals for the high speed train and made it to Amsterdam from Frankfurt in only 4 hours.  It was early afternoon and we immediately attacked the town.  I think we wanted to get some parts of the city out of the way the first day since they were the more touristy and we dislike multitudes of people.  However, the first thing we did was to find a pub near a canal so that we could have a beer.  With the sun out and warming everything we spotted two chairs (no table) and pounced on them.  We had good timing and the server was there immediately.  We ordered our beer and then moseyed the chairs right to the edge of the canal with everybody else behind us and out of view.  For the next hour and a half we sat with our feet nearly dangling over the edge watching canal cruise boats go by us.  It was a pretty good start to a stay in a city.  Four or five more hours of exploring and we wind up back at our place laden with three kinds of cheese (sambal, smoked and hollandaise mustard), bread, apples and chocolate covered pearl sugar ladened waffles.  

Our lodging was one of the cheapest places we could find and it wasn't too bad.  It was in the red light district but that just gave it some character.  It was an extremely narrow building, as they all are, and the room was noticeably listing to one side, which was a little weird.  The ceiling was shorter than I am and had beams so I was always watching my head.  

The next day was Rae's birthday and we began by heading back to the train station to grab a train to Leiden, a good sized town 40km south of Amsterdam.  It is the jumping spot for getting to the tulip fields so it made Leiden a pseudo-tourist town.  Our plan was to bike ride to the fields but the weather was very cold and cloudy dreariness.  I had wi-fi in our room though so I saw the prediction that by noon it would be partly cloudy and warmer.  So we had coffee and explored Leiden for a few hours in the morning.  I exercised all my will power to the weather and blue skies started peeking around 1100 and by 1145, it was nearly completely clear!  We were very happy we decided to not wait for the weather to clear in Amsterdam first.  We finished our wanderings of Leiden and had a pre-bike ride beer at this cool restaurant with a cat.  Then it was off to the train station to put a deposit on some bikes.  More to come...